Voters will soon decide whether Pima County Sheriff Chris Nanos should keep his job. 

Nanos, a Democrat, was first appointed to the office in 2015 and served for a year. He lost the election in 2016 and then won in 2020.

Democrat Sandy Rosenthal is challenging Nanos in the primary election.

Meanwhile, three Republicans seek to challenge the Democratic contender in the general election. The Republican candidates are Heather Lappin, Bill Phillips and Terry Frederick.

All of the candidates are current or former sheriff’s department employees.

The primary election is July 30, with early voting beginning July 3. The winners of each primary will face off in the November general election.

In the past three years, Pima County residents have been increasingly concerned about deaths and other abuses in the county jail, as well as how the community should respond to crises prompted by opioid addiction, lack of affordable housing and a growing houseless population.

The Pima County Sheriff’s Department is often the first agency to respond to emergencies and reports of crime in the community. The head of that department is the sheriff, who oversees a $170 million dollar budget and a land area that includes more than 100 miles of the U.S.-México border.

Those stakes and that responsibility are why Arizona Luminaria built this guide to serve voters who want to know more about the candidates as they campaign to be the top law enforcement officer in Pima County.

We’ll continue to listen to what voters want to know, so please reach out with questions and story ideas: jwashington@azluminaria.org or info@azluminaria.org

Voting FAQs

Here’s what you need to know to participate in the primary election in Arizona in July 2024.

Key dates

July 1, 2024 – Deadline to register to vote for the 2024 Primary Election

July 3, 2024 – Early voting begins and ballots are mailed to eligible voters on the Active Early Voting List and other eligible voters who have requested a one-time ballot by mail

July 19, 2024 – Last day to request an early ballot-by-mail for the 2024 Primary Election

July 20 – July 23, 2024 – Recommended dates to mail your early ballot back to ensure it is received by county election officials by 7 p.m. on July 30, 2024.

July 26, 2024 – Early in-person voting ends at 7 p.m.

July 30, 2024 – 2024 Primary Election Day

Register to vote or check your registration details

Register to vote by July 1 to participate in the primary election. Use this tool to check whether you’re registered to vote, which party you’re registered with, whether you need to update your address, or whether you’re on the early voting list.

Get a ballot

People who are registered to vote with a recognized political party by July 1 will automatically get a ballot for that specific party, either by mail or in person.

Arizona’s 1.4 million unaffiliated voters, more commonly referred to as independent voters, are the second-largest voting bloc in the state, and can vote in Arizona’s primary election in July 2024. But they will need to take a few extra steps. 

Independent voters must request a Democrat or Republican ballot to mail or in person.

As elections officials across the nation, including the Pima County Recorder’s Office, work to be transparent about how the mail-in process works, voters can learn more about the mail-in ballot process here.

Find a polling place

Use this tool to find a polling place and remember to bring ID.

What’s at stake

In recent years, the Pima County jail, with an average daily population of about 1,800 people, has faced a spike in deaths, as well as increased criticism and scrutiny about inhumane conditions and medical care in the jail. The deaths hit a per capita rate far higher than the national average in 2022, and suddenly dropped off in September 2023, which is the last time someone is reported to have died in custody.

Other challenges for the sheriff’s department include frustrations from jail workers about understaffing, an ongoing opioid epidemic, a high rate of traffic fatalities and people dying while crossing the border

In December of 2022, Nanos asked the Pima County Board of Supervisors for a raise for sheriff department staff, as well as to fund the construction of a new jail. He cited the jail’s current state of disrepair and the design model that makes it harder for staff to oversee people detained in the jail. The supervisors gave his staff a raise and commissioned a nearly year-long study about the necessity and feasibility of building a new jail. Ultimately, county officials declined to fund a new jail, but also commissioned another study, which is expected to make a new recommendation by this August prior to the general election.

In January, the Pima County Deputy’s Organization, which represents about half of the department’s deputies, approved a nearly unanimous vote of no confidence in Nanos.

“The vote was called after years of frustration at the lack of competent leadership and mismanagement from Sheriff Nanos and his senior command,” a statement attached to the post reads.

The deputies’ labor organization has since endorsed Republican candidate Heather Lappin. Nanos is endorsed by Pima County Deputy Sheriff’s Association, which is the sheriff department’s largest labor organization as it represents not only deputies but correctional officers and civilian staff.

What does the sheriff do?

The Pima County Sheriff’s Department is charged with responding to emergencies and reported crimes, running and maintaining the jail and, according to the department’s website, working “relentlessly toward making our community safe for the people of Pima County.” 

The department does all that work from as far east as Vail to Ajo, more than 150 miles away — a coverage area larger than the entire state of New Jersey. The county also includes about 130 miles along the U.S.-México border, more than any other county in Arizona.

The Pima County Sheriff is responsible for a budget of more $170 million and a workforce of about 1,500 people.

Who are the candidates for Pima County Sheriff?

Democratic candidates
Republican candidates
Candidate forum

All of the candidates participated in a forum on June 17 hosted by the League of Women Voters of Greater Tucson and the Tucson Branch of the NAACP.

The candidates answered questions about racial and ethnic disparities in the criminal justice system, what they would do to increase the number of women and people of color on staff, their positions on deflection-to-treatment programs for people caught with drugs, and what they would do to restore public trust in the sheriff’s department.

A recording is available on YouTube:

YouTube video

Where the candidates stand

To help Pima County voters differentiate between the candidates in a crowded race, Arizona Luminaria asked each of them three key questions and gave them one week to respond. Nanos, Lappin, Rosenthal and Phillips responded. Their responses were lightly edited for clarity.

Frederick, after initially speaking with Arizona Luminaria about background research into his career and legal history, did not respond to the questions or multiple attempts to reach him. Luminaria included information from Frederick’s campaign site and from online videos to give voters a sense of where he stands on the issues.

What do you think is the jail’s most pressing issue and what would you do to fix it?

Chris Nanos

According to industry standards, the safest model for incarceration is one that allows for “direct supervision.” The Pima County Adult Detention Complex does not meet such a model. There are current jail designs being utilized in Australia that do not cost $800 million (which is near the highest estimate for what a new jail could cost Pima County). I will work with others to find a funding source with a budget that is more fiscally responsible and that makes sense.

Sandy Rosenthal

Deaths at the Pima County jail reflect critical failures, leaving families without closure and exposing the county to potential liabilities exceeding $100 million. These issues stem from staffing shortages, inconsistent medical care, drug infiltration and mental health challenges. To address these problems, I propose hiring 150 correctional officers and implementing paramedic services for emergency care. Collaborating with local healthcare providers like Banner Health and El Rio can enhance services, while AI technology can improve inmate safety. Allocating funds for a secure hospital setting and establishing a community committee for prevention and staff education is also crucial for success.

At the June 8 Democratic primary debate hosted by the Green Valley Democrats, Rosenthal also suggested El Rio Health Center and Banner Health should take over medical care in the jail. The current medical care provider in the jail is NaphCare, an Alabama-based for-profit company. In approximately the first year of service, the county docked NaphCare more than $3 million for understaffing and failing to uphold contractual standards.

Heather Lappin

The most pressing issue that has been the underlying cause of many of the Pima County Adult Detention Complex’s issues is staffing. The lack of foresight and strategic thinking in 2021 caused a crisis in staffing never experienced. Due to this decision, inmate welfare declined tremendously, in addition to employee morale. The combination of the two was disastrous. We are thankfully making improvements daily due to the current leadership at the jail caring about inmate welfare and employee welfare. When we allow ego-based leadership to exist, neither of those can flourish.

Bill Phillips

A policy making staff unable to manage arrestees at the jail who say they are under the influence of fentanyl is the most pressing issue at the jail. We need to change infrastructure and facilitate a medical team so we can monitor inmates and intervene if they overdose. This will also help with the homeless issue where people who say they are under the influence of fentanyl are either not physically arrested or field released once medically rejected at the jail. It is imperative that we hold people accountable and leverage them into treatment to get a handle on the homelessness issue.

Terry Frederick

“We have adequate room in the jail,” Frederick said at a June 1 campaign event. He said that if the jail became overpopulated, the county could transfer and house detained people in the Santa Cruz County jail. On his campaign website, Frederick listed drug and human trafficking among his main priorities. On human trafficking, he said that by “raising awareness, supporting victim services and strengthening communication among community leaders, we can create a hostile environment for traffickers and protect those at risk.”

Do you support HCR 2060, the Secure the Border Act? Why or why not?

House Concurrent Resolution 2060 — cited in the bill as the “Secure the Border Act” — is a Republican-backed ballot measure approved by the Arizona Legislature that would allow state and local police to arrest and jail migrants, and authorize local judges to order deportations.

The measure — a throwback to Arizona’s harsh immigration policies mired by racial profiling claims — also would make it a state crime to cross the border from a foreign nation without legal permission and increase prison sentences for people who sell fentanyl that causes the death of another person.

Lawmakers voted along party lines this year to refer the measure to the ballot with no Democrats voting in support.

If approved by voters in November, the measure could put thousands of migrants and people seeking asylum in Arizona’s jails. 

The move would be a major shift from long-standing laws, which relegate immigration enforcement exclusively to federal officials. Courts have temporarily blocked and are weighing similar laws in Texas and Iowa that the Biden administration has challenged as unconstitutional.

Chris Nanos

This legislation is unnecessary, because law enforcement agencies currently have the authority to stop anyone entering the country unlawfully.

Sandy Rosenthal

I oppose HCR 2060. The Supreme Court has said this is a federal responsibility. We have Border Patrol for this very issue. I do not have the staffing to handle this law if it is enacted. The Pima County jail is full. This law could strain community relations and divert law enforcement resources in our community. It risks racial profiling claims and lawsuits. The decision rests with Arizona voters. If this becomes law, we will enforce it with due diligence.

Heather Lappin

HCR 2060 is only empowering officers and deputies. The fear mongering that it includes a “show me your papers” clause is just not true. While I will agree that we do not have the resources to responsibly enforce federal law, this bill allows our deputies to (with probable cause) enforce illegal crossings in areas other than ports of entry. Additionally, the stipulation within the bill which dictates if a jail is full, agencies can bring their arrestees to state department of corrections instead, takes the overcrowding burden away from counties with jails.

Bill Phillips

I support HCR 2060 to be used as a tool to arrest people here illegally who are a danger to the community. We do not have the resources to focus solely on immigration violations; but under circumstances where we don’t have state charges to arrest, this would give us the ability to take someone into custody here illegally that is a danger to society.

Terry Frederick

On his campaign website, Frederick did not specifically address HCR 2060 but addressed problems frequently associated with the border. “Drug trafficking, including fentanyl, which is one of the deadliest smuggled drugs today, not only jeopardizes the safety of our neighborhoods but also undermines the well-being of individuals and families,” his website states. “By working collaboratively with law enforcement, community organizations and citizens like you, we can implement strategies to prevent the spread of drugs and secure a safer future for our families and neighborhoods.”

The sheriff’s department has been understaffed for years. What’s your solution?

Chris Nanos

The Pima County Sheriff’s Department is currently down 21 deputies and nine correctional officers. Once we have reached 100%, I will go back to the board of supervisors and request an increase based on Department of Justice Uniform Crime Reporting stats and department needs.  

My team created a solution in 2021, with a recruitment team with a robust recruitment model that has been successful in increasing our deputy and correctional officer staffing numbers.

Sandy Rosenthal

These steps will address staffing challenges effectively:

Recruitment

  • Go to JTED programs, community colleges and universities throughout Arizona.
  • Continue hosting job fairs.
  • Advertise extensively.
  • Actively recruit exiting military personnel and members of the National Guard and reserve units.

Hiring

  • Reduce and streamline the process from six months to 90 days.
  • Run four academies a year instead of the current eight-month cycle.

Retention

  • Provide leadership, vision and build relationships.
  • Advocate for competitive salary and benefit packages throughout one’s career.
  • Provide ongoing training.
  • Remove state taxes from the Public Safety Retirement program.
  • Ensure a competitive promotion process exists at each level.
Heather Lappin

A legitimate study must be completed by the board of supervisors in order to determine effective staffing numbers for the population of Pima County, and this must not be changed by manipulative movement of staffing numbers. Our current most pressing problem with staffing is retention and this is due to the toxic workplace culture created by a good ol’ boy, crony-based system implemented for decades within this agency.

There is currently a shell game being played. The current administration has removed PCN’s to other areas to appear staffed or fully staffed. (PCN stands for personnel control number, and is a technical way of saying an employee.) We have so many allotted for each position we employ. If they aren’t filled within 365 days they can be reallocated per county policy. So we were understaffed for so long at the jail they moved almost 80 PCN’s and now it “looks” like we are fully staffed. 

Bill Phillips

On my website I have outlined a reserve program as part of my platform. This will keep skilled deputies who are retiring on staff in a limited capacity at a reduced cost. I will also ask for the community’s help to push the board of supervisors for additional money to increase our current number by 60 to 100 deputies and corrections officers.

Terry Frederick

“Right now the department is 30% below fully staffed. Show respect. Get quality people based on leadership abilities,” Frederick said at a candidate forum on June 17. “The department is so toxic right now that people are leaving. Allow them to do their job without fear of retaliation. We can recruit females, Hispanics, Asians, African Americans, by giving them a chance and don’t degrade them. Everyone should be given their fair share and be held accountable.”

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John Washington covers Tucson, Pima County, criminal justice and the environment for Arizona Luminaria. His investigative reporting series on deaths at the Pima County jail won an INN award in 2023. Before...